Lead selenide particles (QDs) are semiconductor nanomaterials renowned for their exceptional optical characteristics. The synthesis of these QDs typically involves a solution-phase approach employing precursor chemicals such as leadII salts and selenium precursors. Various fabrication strategies, including hot injection and hydrothermal production,

Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) exhibit exceptional luminescent properties, rendering them valuable assets in diverse fields such as bioimaging, sensing, and therapeutics. However, the potential toxicological impacts of UCNPs necessitate thorough investigation to ensure their safe application. This review aims to present a detailed analysis of t

Product innovation is/represents/stands for the development/creation/generation of novel/new/original products or services/solutions/offerings that address/resolve/fulfill market needs/demands/requirements. It involves a multifaceted/complex/comprehensive process that encompasses/integrates/includes research, design/engineering/development, and mar